Shuttering for use in the construction of chimneys and other structures



June 15, 1954 E Q'SULLIVAN 2,680,894

SHUTTERING FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEYS AND OTHER STRUCTURESFiled Aug. 31, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet l E uae/ve g fz //M y M I yer/1M 3110 Attorneys June 15, 1954 OSULLIVAN 2,680,894

, SHUTTERING FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEYS AND OTHERSTRUCTURES Filed Aug. 51, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 MIM;M

Attor June 15, 1954 E. OSULLIVAN 2,680,894 SHUTTERING FOR USE IN THECONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEYS AND OTHER STRUCTURES Filed Aug. 51, 1951 3Sheets-Sheet 3 In lieu tor (Edda/v6 & ff'aaul m f 4% By fw g A ttorneyo'Patented June 15, 1954 UNITED ENT OFFICE SE IN THE CONSTRUC- TION OFCHIMNEYS AND OTHER STRUC- SHUTTERING FOR U TUBES Claims priority,application Great Britain January 19, 1951 7 Claims.

This invention relates to apparatus for building structures of concreteor like material of the type in which the material is cast in situ usinga suitable mould or shuttering which is removed after the material hasset.

In such methods of construction it is known to use a shuttering or mouldwhich is assembled from a number of mould plates which are arranged toform the sides of the structure. The height of these plates is commonlyless than the total height of the structure to be built and in order toobtain the required height numbers of the mould plates are arranged oneon top of the other.

When erecting such shuttering it is usual to make use of a number ofuprights which are erected in suitable positions and which are thenconnected together by means of horizontal members or rails in order toform a frame structure to which the separate mould plates are attachedin order to form the complete shuttering. The construction of such aframe structure usually involves the provision of a large number ofparts of different kinds, the collecting together and erection of whichtakes considerable time.

It is accordingly one of the objects of the present invention to providean improved form of apparatus which can be simply and quickly assembledto form the required shuttering and which can easily be removed when thematerial has been cast within the shuttering. A further object of theinvention is the provision of such apparatus which is of simple androbust construction and which does not involve the use of large numbersof small separate parts which are liable to become lost or caked withcement or the like.

Another and more particular object of the invention is the provision ofshuttering which comprises a plurality of mould plates adapted to beassembled to form the shuttering, wherein at least some of the mouldplates are provided adjacent their side edges with tubular uprights andwherein inner members are provided which are adapted to be fitted withinthe uprights such that when one mould plate is erected on top of anothermould plate, inner members can be fitted within the uprights so as tooverlap the joints between them in order to position the mould platesrelatively to each other. Preferably the lengths of at least some of theinner members are made equal to the heights of the mold plates such thatwhen three or more mould plates are erected one on top of the other eachsuccessive inner member above the lowest rests on and is supported bythe inner member below it.

In order to connect together the mould plates which are located at thesame level it is preferred, according to a further feature of thisinvention, to make use of locking bars the ends of which are adapted tobe detachably connected to two of the mould plates. For this purpose itis preferred to provide at least some of the mould plates with socketswhich are located adjacent the side edges of the plates and which areadapted to receive downwardly-extending pins provided on the ends of thelocking bars.

A pair of such locking bars may be arranged to connect together twomould plates, the edges of which are spaced from each other by thelength of the bars. In order to close the gaps between the platesadditional or side mould plates may be used, means being provided fordetachably connecting these latter plates to the locking bars. Accordingto one arrangement these additional or side plates may be provided withU-shaped brackets or hooks on their outer sides, which brackets areadapted to receive the looking bars.

Although the apparatus of the invention may be used in the constructionof shuttering of various types intended for different purposes, theinvention is particularly applicable to shuttering which is intended foruse in the construction of rectangular structures or parts ofstructures, and in particular fireplace and chimney breasts, in housesand other buildings. This application of the invention will now bedescribed in greater detail, by way of example.

Reference will be had to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a partly cut-away isometric view showing one form ofshuttering in position for forming a pair of fireplace and chimneybreasts on opposite sides of a hollow or cavity wall;

Figure 2 is a detail view to a larger scale showing a corner of one ofthe front mould plates;

Figure 3 is a partly cut-away vertical section taken on the line IIIIIIof Figure 1;

Figure 4 is an elevational view showing one of the locking bars used forretaining the side mould plates in position;

Figure 5 is a detail plan view of one corner of the structure showingthe attachment of one of the side plates to a front plate;

Figure 6 is a plan view showing a modified form of shuttering which hasbeen arranged to form four fireplaces in the corners formed by theintersection of a solid partition wall with a hollow party wall;

Figure '7 is a detail isometric view to a larger scale showing part ofthe shuttering of Figure 6.

Referring first to Figures 1 to 5, the apparatus on one of the cavitywall i comprises a lower front mould plate 2, an upper front mould plate8 and lower and upper side plates 4 and 5 respectively (only one of thelower side plates being visible in the drawings).

The shuttering on the other side of the wall consists of a similararrangement of front and side plates, the upper front and side plates toand 5a respectively being shown.

The lower front plate 2 and the corresponding plate on the other side ofthe wall are each made of sheet steel, aluminium or other suitablematerial the edge portions 6 of which are bent round at right angles, asis best shown in Figure 2. These edges are attached, as by welding or byother suitable means, to tubular uprights l which are conveniently madeof steel tube or other material of the appropriate section.

The plate 2 is strengthened by means. of upper, intermediate and lowercross members 8, 9 and I0. respectively, and by a central vertical ribH. The members 8, l and iii are preferably made of channel section steelor other material and they are welded or otherwise secured to the edgesor face of the plate 2. The ends of these members are also preferablywelded or otherwise attached to the uprights l, as shown in Figure 2.

The rib I l, which may conveniently be of angle material, is secured bywelding, or otherwise, to the face of the plate 2 and preferably also tothe members 9 and it.

The front plate 2 is provided adjacent each of its four corners with asocket i2. Each of these sockets may conveniently be formed of a shortlength of channel steel or other material the edges of which are weldedor otherwise fixed. to the appropriate upright I. Each socket is formedon the side which is to face the wall i with a slot l3 extendingdownwardly from its upper edge or lip.

The upper front mould plate 3 is of similar construction to the plate 2except that it is provided with no vertical strengthening ribcorresponding to the rib ll. Thus, the plate 3 is provided along itsopposite edges with tubular uprights it carrying sockets i5, whichcorrespond to the upri hts i and sockets i2 respectively, while it isstrengthened by means of upper, intermediate and lower cross membersiii, i1 and I8 corresponding to the members 8, 9 and Hi respectively.

Each of the lower side plates 4 consists of a sheet of steel or othermaterial to the outer face of which are fixed, as by welding orotherwise, side members 58, upper, intermediate and lower cross members2%, 2! and 22, and a central rib 23. The members I9, 2E, 21 and 22 arepreferably of channel section as shown, while the rib 23 may be of angleor other convenient section.

Mounted on the plate 4 adjacent the upper and lower cross members 2e and22 are two pairs of hooks 2d and 25 respectively. These hooks may beattached by welding or otherwise to the plate 4 or to the members 26 and22 or, preferably, both to the plate and to the appropriate one of thesemembers as and 22.

The corresponding lower side plates on the other side of the wall 1 areof precisely similar construction to the plates 4.

The upper side plates 5 are constructed in a similar manner to the lowerside plates 4. Thus, each such plate consists of a sheet of steel orother material to theouter face of which are fixed as by welding orotherwise side members 28 and upper, intermediate and lower crossmembers 2'5, 28 and 29. There is no central rib corresponding to the rib23.

The plate 5 is also provided with upper and lower pairs of hooks 3B and3| corresponding to the hooks 2i and 25 respectively.

The side plates 5a are similar to the plates 5.

For each shuttering only one set of lower front and side plates. isprovided for use on each side of the wall, but as many sets of the upperplates 3, 3a, 5 and 5a are provided as are necessary to complete thestructure up to the required height. Only one set of these upper platesis shown in the drawings.

For securing the upper front plates 3 and 30. in position on top of thefront plates below them a number of tubular inner members 32 areprovided. The diameter of these members is such that they are an easysliding fit in the uprights "I and It, while their length is made equalto the lengths of the uprights ii, that is, to the height of the upperfront plates 3 and 3a.

To erect the plate 3 on the plate 2 an inner member 32 is inserted intoeach of the uprights l, where it is supported at such a height that itprojects for about half its length above the upper end of the upright l.The members 32 may, for example, be supported by cross pins fittedacross the upri hts l or by half-length inner members which are insertedinto the uprights and which rest on the ground.

Alternatively the inner members 32 provided for the lower front platesmay be longer than the uprights i so that they project by the necessaryamount above the top or the uprights 1 when their lower ends are restingon the ground within the uprights.

The side plates are retained in position by means of a number of lockingbars 33, 3 3, 35 and 35, which also serve to connect t .e front plates 2and 3 on one side of the wall I with the corresponding front plates onthe other side thereof.

Each of the locking bars, one of which is shown in Figure i, consists ofa length of channel steel or other material 37 which is provided at itsends with downwardly-extending pins 38. These pins may be formed ofsquare steel bar (or other suitable material) welded or otherwisesecured in position. It should be noted that the dimensions of the slots53 in the sockets 12 are such that the channel members 31 of the lockingbars are easy fits in the slots. To facilitate the erection anddismantling of the apparatus the pins 38 can be tapered.

In order to erect the shuttering the construction of the fireplace andchimney breasts the lower front and side plates 2 and s are assembled inthe appropriate positions on the opposite sides of the wall 5 and thelockin bars 33 and 3 5 are fitted in position with their pins 33engaging in the sockets i2 and with the main parts 3! of the barsengaged in the hooks 25 and 2-5. It should'be noted that during theconstruction of the wall i openings were left in the latter to allow ofthe locking b'ars'being passed through the wall. These openings couldconveniently be formed by inserting wooden or other blocks in the mouldused for formin the wall.

For forming the fireplace and iiue openings suitable cores (not shown)are fitted within the shuttering. the type described in thespecification of British Patent No. 632,524. The fireplace core is in-These cores can conveniently be of serted in the lower section of theshuttering and the various sections of flue core are fitted as requiredat the appropriate stages during the erection of the shuttering andduring the building of the structure within it.

Alternatively earthenware or other flue linings could be inserted in themould and set in the concrete, these linings being left in position inthe finished work.

With the lower mould plates and the appropriate fireplace cores inposition the shuttering is filled with concrete almost up to the top ofthe plates, after which a set of upper front and side mould plates 3,3a, 5 and 5a fitted. To do this inner members 32 are inserted in thecorner uprights 1 and the front plates 3 and 3a. are mounted on top ofthe lower front plates with the uprights M fitted on the projecting endsof the members 32. The side plates 5 and 5a with the locking bars 35 and:56 are now positioned in order to complete this section of theshuttering. After the insertion of the necessary core sections or fiuelinings the concrete is run in, again almost to the top of the mouldplates.

The above procedure is repeated with the addition of further sets ofupper front and side plates, together with the necessary flue coresections or fine linings. When the work has reached the desired heightand the concrete has set suinciently the shuttering is removed byreversing the procedure which has been described. The fireplace core andthe flue core (if removable flue core sections have been used) areremoved and the holes 39 in the wall are then closed by cement orotherwise.

With the above method of construction in which the wall i is erectedbefore the fireplace and chimney structure, it is preferred to includesome form of reinforcement in the wall which will project from the faceof the latter in order to form a secure bondin with the fireplace andchimney structure. This reinforcement may take the form of suitablyspaced strips of expanded metal, such as that shown at M.

Instead of forming the wall first a complete fireplace and chimneystructure may be erected initially, after which the wall would be builtwith its ends abutting against the sides of the chimney structure. Insuch a case single side plates of a width sufficient to extend from onefront plate to the other would be used in place of the narrower sideplates of the construction described. These side plates might beconstructed on similar principles to the plates i and 5 and could beused with the same front plates 2, 3, etc., and locking bars 33 to 38 asare shown'in Figure l. The method of procedure will be obvious from theforegoing description.

With this form of construction it is preferred to form the chimneystructure with reveals at its sides in order to provide a good bondingwith the ends of the wall. Such reveals could be formed by suitablyshapin the side mould plates or in any other appropriate manner.

Figures 6 and '7 of the drawings show another form of mould which can beused for formin a structure including up to four fireplaces with theirappropriate fiues which are located in the corners of four separaterooms.

The mould or shuttering comprises a number of upper and lower frontmould plates, two of which are shown at 5! and 52, which may be ofsimilar construction to the front plates 2, 3, etc., of Figures 1 to 5,and a number of upper and lower mould plates, two of which are shown atand upper and lower 53 and 54, which latter plates will, forconvenience, be referred to as side mould plates.

Considering the plate 54, this is constructed of sheet steel, or othersuitable material, the side edges 55 of which are bent outwardly atright angles. The upper edge portion 56 of the plate may also be bentover at right angles as shown. Tubular uprights 5? are secured in thecorners formed by the bent side edges 55, by weldin or otherwise, and anupper cross member 58 is secured by welding or otherwise in the angleformed by the bent upper edge 56. In addition to the upper cross member58 the plate is provided with intermediate and lower cross members (notshown), while in the case particularly of a lower mould plate it may beprovided with one or more vertical ribs similar to the rib H of Figure1.

The plate 5! is provided on one of its side edges with upper and lowersockets one of which is indicated at 59. These sockets are similar tothe sockets i2 of Figures 1 to 5 except that there are no slots in themsimilar to the slots i 3. It should be noted that the edge portion 55 ofthe plate 5| is cut away where necessary to allow the sockets 59 to bewelded directly to the upright 5?.

The plate 52 is similar to the plate 5i, having uprights along itsopposite sides, and sockets 61 mounted on one of these uprights, but inthe case of the plate 52 the sockets are located on the opposite edge ofthe plate as compared with the sockets 59 of the plate 5!. Thus, viewingthe plates 5| and 52 from outside the mould structure, the sockets 6 Iare on the right hand side of the plate 52 whereas the sockets 59 are onthe left hand edge of plate 5|.

The side plate 53 is also made of sheet steel or other suitable materialthe side edges of which are bent round as shown at 62 to form angles, in

are fitted in a similar manner to the uprights 51 of the plate 5|.

The plate 53 is provided with upper, intermediate and sponding to therib 23 of Figure 1.

Furthermore, the plate 53 is provided with an additional vertical member65 which is located nearer to one side of the plate than to the other,

supplementary cross members are provided extending from the member 65 tothe adjacent upright 53. These supplementary cross members, the upperone of which similar to 66), are spaced a short distance from.

the upper and lower cross members respectively. The members 65 and 66may conveniently be formed of channel section material welded orotherwise fixed in position.

Sockets 67 similar to the sockets 59 are mounted on the member and hookelements 68 are secured to the upper and lower supplementary membersnear their mid-points. As shown in Figure 7, these hook elements 68 maybe formed of lengths of channel material 69 which are welded to spacerelements 70, which in turn are welded to the members 6'5.

Locking bars H are provided, each consisting of a length of material ofchannel, rectangular or other section having downwardly-extending pins'12 at its opposite ends.- These pins are adapted to engage in thesockets 59 and 61, it being noted that, since with this form ofconstruction the sockets are not formed with slots provided with a ribcorrecorresponding to the slots |3 the pins 12 are made to fit snugly inthe sockets 59 and 61.

As is shown in Figure 7, when the locking bar is in position with thepins 12 engaged in the sockets 59 and 51 the central portion of the baris engaged by the part 59 of the hook element 58. The locking bars thusprovide a substantially rigid connection between the plates and 53.

The other side plate 55 is similar to the plate 53, being provided withtubular side uprights 13, with a socket 14 corresponding to the socket61 and with a hook element i5 corresponding to the hook element 58, itbeing noted, however, that the socket H1 and hook element 15 are locatednear the opposite side edge of the plate 54 as compared with thecorresponding parts on the plate 53.

Looking bars 16 are provided for engaging in the sockets 6| and id andin the hook element 15 in order to connect the side plate 54 with thefront plate 52.

For connecting the plate 5| with the plate 52 and for connecting theplate 53 with the plate 54 tie members 11 are provided. Each of thesetie members is constructed of a length of strip steel or other materialhaving at its ends a pair of downwardly-projecting studs (not shown)which are adapted to engage in the upper ends of the uprights 51, 60, 53and 73.

In order to use the shuttering described, the wall 18, which may be acavity party wall dividing the houses of a semi-detached pair, isconstructed nearly to the height of the tops of the lower mould plates.The wall may be constructed of concrete using a suitable mould.

The lower plates 5|, 52, 53 and 54 are now assembled in position andsecured to each other by means of the locking bars H and I6 and the tiemembers 11. Fireplace cores indicated at 19 are inserted in thepositions required to form the fireplaces and concrete is run into theshuttering around these cores on either side of the wall 18.

After doing this the height of the wall is raised by an amountcorresponding to the height of the next set of mould plates to be usedand sections of core or flue linings to form the flue passages arefitted on top of the fireplace cores 19.

A set of upper mould plates corresponding to the plates 5| to 54 is nowassembled on top of the lower plates, using inner members similar to themembers 32 to connect the uprights of the upper plates with those of thelower plates and using locking bars similar to the bars H and 15 forconnecting the front plates with the side plates. At the corners wherethe plates 5| and 53 meet and where the plates 52 and 54 meet innermembers may be inserted in one or both of the uprights, as may berequired.

The tie members TI are removed from the lower plates before the upperplates are fitted in position and are then fitted to the upper plates toconnect the latter together across the width of the wall.

Concrete is now run into the shuttering around the flue cores or fluelinings inside the upper mould plates to form a further section of thechimney structure. 7

The above procedure is repeated, using further mould plates and coresections until the desired height is reached.

When the concrete has set sufficiently the shuttering is removed and theintersecting sections.

of the walls 80 are constructed. These walls.

be made of concrete or other matepartition walls of single which mayrial, are shown as being thickness only.

It will be seen that by the method and apparatus described fireplaceswith their necessary lines can be constructed simultaneously in theadjacent corners of up to four separate rooms.

The apparatus shown in Figures 6 and '7 could, with little modification,be used to form a pair of fireplaces and chimney breasts arranged backto back as shown in Figure 1. In this case the side plates 52 and 54would be made of a width to extend from one front plate 5| to the otherfront plate 52' and these front plates would be provided with sockets 59and 6| on both their side edges. Also the socket and hook elements 61,68 and 14, I5 on the side plates would either be duplicated for thereception of additional short locking bars similar to the bars H and 15for connecting the plate 5| with the plate 52 and the plate 53 with theplate 54 or the sockets 5i and '54 could be omitted, the hook elementsthen being arranged to receive long locking bars similar to the bars 33to 35 of Figure l.

I claim:

1. In an apparatus for constructing a shutter ing for use in thebuilding of structures which are formed, in situ, out of concrete orsimilar material, the improvement comprising, a plurality of front mouldplates, each of said front mould plates having a pair of continuoustubular uprights of substantially the same length as said lates attachedthereto, one adjacent each side thereof, a plurality of inner membersadapted to fit within said tubular uprights so as to extend beyond theends of the upright of any one mould plate and thereby form a joint foraccurately positioning one of said front mould plates above the other, aplurality of side mould plates, at least one of said side mould platescorresponding in length to the length of one of said front mould plates,a plurality of said mould plates including at least one socket on anoutside surface thereof, a locking bar for securing the side mouldplates to at least one of the front mould plates, said locking barhaving at least two downwardly projecting pins adapted to fit into thesockets of two properly positioned socket-containing mould plates.

2. In an apparatus as claimed in claim 1, the sockets of said mouldplates having downwardly extending slots adapted to receive portions ofsaid locking bar adjacent said pins.

3. In an apparatus as claimed in claim 1, two front plates havingsockets located at the side edges thereof, said locking bars beingadapted to connect said two front plates in spaced relation, and aplurality of hook elements on the outside surface of said side platesadapted to engage said locking bars intermediate the ends of the latterwhereby to hold said side plates in a predetermined angular positionwtih respect to said front plates.

l. In an apparatus as claimed in claim 2, the width of the side mouldplates being at most half of the length or" said locking bars so thatsaid shuttering can be erected on both sides of a wall with the lockingbars extending through holes in the wall and connecting a said frontmould plate on one side of the wall with a said front mould plate on theother side of the wall.

5. The method of constructing, in situ, two similar structures on twosides of a preformed wall comprising the steps of providing saidpreformed wall with at least one pair of holes intermediate the heightthereof, providing a shuttering device comprising a plurality of frontmould plates and a plurality of side mould plates which can be assembledto form said shuttering device, assembling said shuttering device withhalf of said front plates and half of said side plates on one side ofthe wall and the other half of said plates on the opposite side of saidwall, securing said two halves of said shuttering device together andinto close contact with said wall by locking said devices togetherthrough said holes in the wall.

6. Apparatus for constructing a shuttering for use in the building ofconcrete structures, comprising a plurality of front mould plates eachhaving a hollow upright secured to one at least of its side edges and aplurality of sockets mounted on each said upright, a plurality of innermembers adapted to be fitted in said uprights, the lengths of at leastsome of said inner members being substantially equal to the lengths ofsaid uprights, a plurality of side mould plates each having a pluralityof sockets and a plurality of hook elements mounted on its outer faceand a plurality of locking bars each having socket-engaging elements atits ends, each said locking bar being adapted to be fitted between asocket on a front mould plate and a socket on a side mould platearranged adjacent and at an angle to said front mould plate with anintermediate portion of said locking bar engaged in one of said hookelements.

7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein tie members are provided forconnecting together the upper ends of the uprights of different mouldplates, each of which tie members is provided with a pair ofdownwardly-projecting studs adapted to engage in the ends of theuprights.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 759,573 Weber May 10, 1904 1,451,714 Safiert Apr. 17, 19231,569,513 McClain et a1 Jan. 12, 1926 FOREIGN PATENTS Number CountryDate 643 Great Britain Jan. 9, 1896 632,524 Great Britain Nov. 28, 1949

